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How will you bring about the following conversion?

Nitrobenzene to benzene

Chemistry20271 markConversion

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Answer

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Equations: $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}NO_{2}} \xrightarrow{\text{Sn}\text{ }\text{/}\text{ }\text{HCl}} \mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}}$ $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}} + \mathrm{NaNO_{2}} + 2\mathrm{HCl} \xrightarrow{\text{273-278}\text{ }\text{K}} \mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}N_{2}Cl} + \mathrm{NaCl} + 2\mathrm{H_{2}O}$ $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}N_{2}Cl} + \mathrm{H_{3}PO_{2}} + \mathrm{H_{2}O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C_{6}H_{6}} + \mathrm{N_{2}} + \mathrm{H_{3}PO_{3}} + \mathrm{HCl}$

Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline, diazotised, and the diazonium group is replaced by hydrogen with hypophosphorous acid.
Aniline

From ISC 2027 Specimen Chemistry Paper 1, question 18(i).