ISC Class 12 Notes and Guides
Short, checked guides to the ISC Class 12 exam: what each paper looks like, what the syllabus covers, the formulas to revise and how to practise. Each links to the real past questions on Prashnika.
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ISC Notes
- Note / Computer ScienceReadEvil Number Program in JavaWhat an Evil Number is, how to count the 1s in binary, and the ISC-style Java program with its variable table, sample output and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPrime NumberPrime number program in Java for ISC: the factor-counting method, the program written entirely in main, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadArmstrong NumberArmstrong number program in Java with the method, an ISC-style program written entirely in main, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPalindrome NumberPalindrome Number program in Java for ISC: digit reversal using % and /, ISC-style code in main, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadFactorialFactorial of a number in Java using recursion: the method, an ISC-style program, real sample runs and a dry run for n = 5.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadFibonacci SeriesFibonacci series in Java using a recursive method: algorithm, ISC-style program, variable table, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadGCDGCD (HCF) of two numbers in Java using Euclid's algorithm with recursion: ISC-style program, sample runs and a step-by-step dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadCyclic ShiftCyclic shift of an array by k positions to the left in Java: the method, an ISC-style program with only main, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMatrix MultiplicationMatrix multiplication in Java, ISC style: the method, the check on rows and columns, the program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadTransposeTranspose of an m x n matrix in Java: the method, an ISC-style program, sample runs with an invalid size, and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadBinary SearchBinary search in Java on a sorted array using a loop: the method, an ISC-style program, variable table, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadTwin PrimeTwin prime program in Java for ISC: display all pairs of primes differing by 2 between m and n, with the algorithm, variable table, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadEmirp NumberEmirp (twisted prime) number program in Java for ISC with a class, methods isPrime and reverse, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadCircular PrimeCircular prime program in Java for ISC: class with isPrime and digit rotation by arithmetic, with algorithm, variable table, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadGoldbach's ConjectureGoldbach's Conjecture program in Java for ISC: write an even number as the sum of two primes, with the method, class-based program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSmith NumberSmith number program in Java for ISC, written as a class with digitSum and factorDigitSum methods, with sample runs, prime and 1 cases, and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadKaprekar NumberKaprekar number program in Java using a class, with the splitting method, the rule for 1 and 10, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadComposite Magic NumberComposite Magic Number program in Java for ISC as a class with methods input, isComposite, digitSum and display, with sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDisarium NumberDisarium number program in Java with the method, an ISC-style class with data members and methods, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadAutomorphic NumberAutomorphic number program in Java using a class, with the method, ISC-style code, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadNeon NumberNeon number program in Java for ISC written as a class with methods input, digitSum, isNeon and display, with sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDudeney NumberDudeney number program in Java for ISC with a class, method isDudeney, real sample runs, a variable table and a dry run for 512.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPrime Adam NumberPrime-Adam number program in Java for ISC: definition, method, commented program for a range m to n, variable table, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadKeith NumberKeith number explained with the series method, an ISC-style Java program using an array, sample runs and a dry run for 14.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadBouncy, Increasing and Decreasing NumberClassify a number as increasing, decreasing, both or bouncy: the digit-comparison method, ISC-style Java program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadHappy NumberHappy number program in Java (ISC style): the method, program with comments, variable table, sample runs and a dry run for 19.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMagic NumberMagic number program in Java (ISC style): repeat the digit sum until one digit remains; program, variable table, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDuck NumberDuck number in Java: definition, ISC-style class with isDuck() using % 10 and / 10, variable table, real sample runs and a dry run for 7056.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadUnique NumberUnique number in Java: all digits different. ISC-style class with isUnique(), variable table, real sample runs and a dry run for 1213.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadFascinating NumberFascinating number program in Java for ISC: definition, algorithm, commented program counting digits with an array, variable table, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPower Function (Recursive)Find x raised to the power n using recursion: the method, ISC-style Java program with comments, range check, sample runs and a dry run of the calls.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSum of Digits (Recursive)Find the sum of the digits of a number using recursion: the method, ISC-style Java program with comments, sample runs and a dry run of the calls.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadBinary to Decimal (Recursive Technique)Convert a binary number to decimal using recursion: the method, an ISC-style Java program, sample runs and a dry run showing the calls and returns.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadReverse of a Number (Recursive Technique)Reverse a number using recursion in Java: the method, an ISC-style program with comments, sample runs including 1200 and a negative input, and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDecimal to Binary (Recursive Technique)Convert a decimal number to binary using recursion in Java: the method, an ISC-style program with comments, sample runs, and a dry run for 10.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadReverse a String (Recursive Technique)Reverse a string using recursion with charAt, substring and length only: the method, an ISC-style Java program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPalindrome String (Recursive Technique)Check a palindrome string using recursion in Java: method, ISC-style program with comments, variable table, sample runs and a dry run for Madam.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadCount Vowels (Recursive Technique)Count the vowels of a string using recursion in Java: algorithm, ISC-style program with comments, variable table, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadLinear Search (Recursive Technique)Linear search using recursion in Java: the method, an ISC-style program with class and object, sample runs and a dry run showing the calls and returns.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadArray Sum and Maximum (Recursive Technique)Find the sum and the largest element of an array using two recursive methods in Java: ISC-style program, sample runs and a dry run with calls and returns.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadTower of Hanoi (Recursive Technique)Tower of Hanoi in Java using recursion: the method, an ISC-style program, sample runs, the 2^n - 1 move count and a dry run for 3 disks.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadLinear SearchLinear search in a 1D array in Java: the method, an ISC-style program with first-occurrence position, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadBubble SortBubble sort in Java on a 1D array: the method, an ISC-style program written in main, passes and comparisons, a dry run and real sample runs.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSelection SortSelection sort in Java on a 1D array: the method, an ISC-style class program with pass-by-pass output, swap count, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadInsertion SortInsertion sort in Java on a 1D array: the method, an ISC-style class program with pass-by-pass output, shift count, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMerge Two Sorted ArraysMerge two ascending arrays into one sorted array in Java with the two-pointer technique: algorithm, ISC-style class program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadFrequency TableBuild a frequency table of an integer array in Java without collections: method, ISC-style class program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadArray DeduplicationRemove duplicates from an int array keeping the first occurrence: method, ISC-style Java class, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadOdd-Even SegregationRearrange an int array with all even numbers first and then odd numbers: stable two-pass method, ISC-style Java class, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSieve of EratosthenesSieve of Eratosthenes in Java: crossing out multiples in a boolean array to list all primes up to n, with an ISC-style program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadLucky NumbersLucky numbers in Java: the sieve that deletes every 2nd, 3rd, 7th... number from an array, with an ISC-style program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMatrix Addition and SubtractionMatrix addition and subtraction in Java, ISC style: the method, a class-based program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSymmetric MatrixSymmetric matrix in Java, ISC style: how to test a[i][j] == a[j][i], the class-based program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadBoundary ElementsBoundary elements of a matrix in Java, ISC style: the method, the program with comments, real sample runs, a dry run and the sum of the boundary.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadNon-Boundary ElementsNon-boundary (inner) elements of a matrix in Java, ISC style: the method, the commented program, real sample runs, a dry run and the sum.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDiagonal AnalysisDiagonal analysis of a square matrix in Java, ISC style: both diagonals, their sums, which is larger, the program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSpiral Traversal and FillFill an n x n matrix with 1 to n*n in a clockwise spiral and read it back in spiral order in Java: algorithm, ISC-style program, samples and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMatrix Rotation 180/270Rotate a square matrix by 180 or 270 degrees in Java, ISC style: the index formulas, the class program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadRow-wise and Column-wise SortingSort a matrix row-wise and column-wise in Java, ISC style: bubble sort on a copy for each, the class program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMatrix Rotation 90Rotate a square matrix 90 degrees clockwise in Java, ISC style: the rule b[j][n-1-i] = a[i][j], the program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSaddle PointFind the saddle points of a matrix in Java, ISC style: the definition, the method, a commented program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadWord Extraction and CountExtract the words of a sentence without StringTokenizer or split() and count them in Java: algorithm, ISC-style program, samples and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMagic SquareCheck whether a matrix is a magic square in Java, ISC style: the definition, the method, a commented program, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSentence Terminator ValidationCheck that a sentence ends with . ? or ! in Java, name its kind and count its words without split: ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadInitials with SurnamePrint a full name as initials plus surname (M. K. Gandhi) in Java without split: ISC-style program, sample runs with extra spaces, and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadLongest and Shortest WordFind the longest and shortest word of a sentence in Java without split(): method, ISC-style program, variable table, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadCase TogglingToggle the case of every letter of a sentence in Java using ASCII arithmetic: algorithm, ISC-style program, variable table, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPiglatinConvert a sentence to Pig Latin in Java: the rule, an ISC-style program without split(), variable table, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadVowel and Consonant FrequencyCount each vowel, the total vowels and total consonants of a sentence in Java using an int[5] array: method, ISC-style program, sample runs, dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPangramCheck whether a sentence is a pangram in Java using a boolean array: algorithm, commented ISC-style program, variable table, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadAnagramCheck whether two words or phrases are anagrams in Java using two frequency arrays: algorithm, commented ISC-style program, samples and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadCaesar CipherCaesar cipher in Java: shift letters by a key with wrap-around, then decrypt; ISC-style program, variable table, real sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPalindrome Word/SentenceFind the palindrome words of a sentence and check if the whole sentence is a palindrome in Java, without split: method, program, samples, dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadAlphabetical Word SortSort the words of a sentence alphabetically in Java without split(): bubble sort on a String array, ISC-style program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadWord Length SortArrange the words of a sentence by length in Java without split(): stable bubble sort on a String array, ISC-style program, sample runs and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadArray CombinerCombine two integer arrays into one sorted array in Java: object passed as a parameter, bubble sort, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPoint DistanceDistance and midpoint between two points in Java using a Point class and object passing: algorithm, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadMatrix Class with Object PassingAdd two matrices in Java with a Matrix class that receives objects as parameters: algorithm, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadWord MixerMix two words in Java by taking characters alternately: charAt and concatenation only, ISC-style program, sample runs, dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadWord Potential SortWord potential and sorting in Java: extract words with charAt and indexOf, find each potential, sort stably. ISC-style program, samples, dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadTime AdditionAdd two times given in hours and minutes using a Java class Time with accept(), add(Time, Time) and display(): ISC-style program, samples, dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadArmNum ClassArmstrong number checked with a Java class ArmNum: data member, constructor, one-job methods, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadBank Account ClassBank account class in Java with deposit and withdraw methods, no overdraft: ISC-style program, sample runs with 2-decimal balance and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadStack (Array)Stack using an array in Java with a push, pop and display menu: LIFO method, ISC-style program, overflow and underflow checks, dry run and real runs.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadCircular QueueCircular queue in Java: how front and rear wrap round with modulo, an ISC-style menu program, a dry run and real sample runs.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadAccount to Savings/CurrentBank account program in Java using inheritance: base class Account, derived classes Savings and Current, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDetail to BillTelephone bill using inheritance in Java: base class Detail, derived class Bill with a call slab rule, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadSingly Linked ListSingly linked list in Java with class Node: insert, delete, search, display and count, an ISC-style menu program, a dry run and real runs.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadStock to Purchase/SaleStock to Purchase and Sale in Java using inheritance: base class Stock, derived classes Purchase and Sale, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadEmployee to SalaryPay slip program in Java using inheritance: base class Employee, derived class Salary with DA, HRA, PF, gross and net pay; program, samples and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDate DifferenceFind the number of days between two dates in Java without date classes: leap-year rule, day numbers, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDay of the YearFind the day number of a date in its year in Java: leap-year rule, days-per-month array, ISC-style program with samples and a dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadDate Plus N DaysAdd N days to a date in Java without library classes: day number, year and month roll-over, leap years, ISC-style program, samples and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadNumber to WordsConvert a number from 0 to 9999 into words in Java with String arrays: algorithm, ISC-style program with one-job methods, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadPlane to Circle/CylinderCylinder volume and surface areas in Java using inheritance: base class Plane (circle), derived class Cylinder, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadQuiz EvaluationQuiz evaluation in Java: score participants against an answer key, find the topper and class average. ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadRecord to RankRecord to Rank in Java using inheritance: sort students by marks without Arrays.sort, give tied ranks, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadCarton PackingPack articles into cartons of 48, 24, 12 and 6 greedily with / and % in Java: algorithm, ISC-style program, sample runs and dry run.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadLinear QueueLinear queue using an array in Java with an add, remove and display menu: FIFO method, ISC-style program, overflow drawback, dry run and real runs.
- Note / Computer ScienceReadISBN-10 ValidatorCheck an ISBN-10 in Java with charAt and a weighted sum divisible by 11: algorithm, ISC-style program, sample runs including X, and a dry run.
Paper pattern: sections, marks and choices
- Guide / Paper patternReadComputer Science paper pattern70 marks theory · practical: 30 marks
- Guide / Paper patternReadPhysics paper pattern70 marks theory · practical: 30 marks
- Guide / Paper patternReadChemistry paper pattern70 marks theory · practical: 30 marks
- Guide / Paper patternReadMathematics paper pattern80 marks theory · project work: 20 marks
- Guide / Paper patternReadEnglish Language paper pattern80 marks theory · project work: 20 marks
- Guide / Paper patternReadEnglish Literature paper pattern80 marks theory · project work: 20 marks
- Guide / Paper patternReadPhysical Education paper pattern70 marks theory · practical: 30 marks
Syllabus: units, chapters and topics
- Guide / SyllabusReadComputer Science syllabusBoolean algebra, hardware, Java, data structures
- Guide / SyllabusReadPhysics syllabusnine units, electrostatics to electronic devices
- Guide / SyllabusReadChemistry syllabusphysical, inorganic and organic
- Guide / SyllabusReadMathematics syllabuscalculus, algebra, vectors, probability
- Guide / SyllabusReadEnglish Language syllabusthe four questions of Paper 1
- Guide / SyllabusReadEnglish Literature syllabusthe prescribed texts
- Guide / SyllabusReadPhysical Education syllabussix theory chapters and nine games
Formulas, laws and study plans
- Guide / FormulasReadPhysics formulasevery formula with its letters and units
- Guide / FormulasReadChemistry formulassolutions, electrochemistry, kinetics and more
- Guide / FormulasReadMathematics formulasa chapter-wise formula sheet
- Guide / LawsReadBoolean algebra lawslaws, gates, adders and K-map rules
- Guide / OverviewReadExam pattern of every subjectmarks and layout side by side
- Guide / Study planReadUsing previous year papersa plan from revision to full papers
Common questions
What are the Prashnika guides?
Short reference pages for the ISC Class 12 exam: the paper pattern and the syllabus of each subject, formula sheets for Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, the Boolean algebra laws, and a plan for using previous year papers.
Where do the facts in the guides come from?
The paper patterns are read off the printed instructions of the 2026 board papers and the 2027 specimen papers; the syllabus pages from CISCE’s ISC 2027 syllabus; and the counts from the questions on this site.
Are the guides free?
Yes, all of them, with nothing to sign up for.