(a) Explain any three techniques of Long Jump. (b) In a hurdle race, an athlete stumbles over a…

(a) Three recognized in-flight techniques in Long Jump are: 1. Sail technique: The jumper leaves the take-off board, lifts the free leg forward, brings the take-off leg up to meet it, and extends both legs forward with arms reaching forward to prepare for landing. 2. Hang technique: In mid-air, the jumper extends the body into a full arch, stretching arms overhead and legs backward, before vigorously snapping both legs and torso forward into the sand pit. 3. Hitch-kick (running in the air) technique: The jumper continues a running motion with the legs in mid-air (completing 1.5 or 2.5 strides), neutralizing forward rotational momentum and maximizing horizontal forward reach on landing. (b) The Lane Judge will take no action to penalize the athlete, provided the athlete does not deliberately knock down the hurdle with their hands and does not obstruct or cross into an adjacent athlete's lane. The athlete is permitted to get up and finish the race. (c) According to World Athletics tie-breaker rules: 1. The athlete with the lowest number of attempts at the height at which the tie occurred is awarded the higher position. 2. If still tied, the athlete with the lowest total number of failures throughout the entire competition up to and including the height cleared wins. 3. If still tied for first place, a jump-off is conducted between the tied athletes.