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Write the chemical equation for the following.
Chlorobenzene is heated with conc. HNO₃ in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄.
Chlorobenzene is heated with conc. $\text{HNO}_3$ in the presence of conc. $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$.
Answer
Answer
Equation: $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}Cl} + \mathrm{HNO_{3}} \xrightarrow{\text{conc.}\text{ }\mathrm{H_{2}SO_{4}}\text{,}\text{ }\text{heat}} \mathrm{ClC_{6}H_{4}NO_{2}} + \mathrm{H_{2}O}$
Reaction: Nitration (electrophilic substitution)
Product: 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (major), 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene (minor)
Chlorine is ortho/para directing, so p-chloronitrobenzene is the major product with o-chloronitrobenzene as the minor one.