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How will you bring about the following conversions?
Picric acid from phenol. Ethyl chloride from diethyl ether.
(i)[1.0]
Picric acid from phenol.
(ii)[1.0]
Ethyl chloride from diethyl ether.
Answer
Answer (i)
AIEquation: $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}OH} + 3\mathrm{HNO_{3}} \xrightarrow{\text{conc.}\text{ }\mathrm{H_{2}SO_{4}}} \mathrm{C_{6}H_{2}(NO_{2})_{3}OH} + 3\mathrm{H_{2}O}$
Phenol is nitrated with conc. $\mathrm{HNO_3}$ in the presence of conc. $\mathrm{H_2SO_4}$ to give picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol).
Answer (ii)
AIEquation: $\mathrm{C_{2}H_{5}OC_{2}H_{5}} + \mathrm{PCl_{5}} \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} 2\mathrm{C_{2}H_{5}Cl} + \mathrm{POCl_{3}}$
Diethyl ether is treated with phosphorus pentachloride to give ethyl chloride.
From ISC 2018 Chemistry Paper 1, question 7(a).