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Answer the following.
Write chemical equations to convert each of the following: Toluene to benzaldehyde Acetic acid to…
Write chemical equations to convert each of the following:
(a)[1.0]
Toluene to benzaldehyde
(b)[1.0]
Acetic acid to acetamide
Answer
Answer (a)
AIEquations: $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}CH_{3}} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{CrO_{3}}\text{,}\text{ }\mathrm{(CH_{3}CO)_{2}O}\text{,}\text{ }\text{273-283}\text{ }\text{K}} \mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}CH(OCOCH_{3})_{2}}$ $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}CH(OCOCH_{3})_{2}} + \mathrm{H_{2}O} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{H_{3}O}^{+}} \mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}CHO} + 2\mathrm{CH_{3}COOH}$
Toluene to benzaldehyde: oxidation with chromic oxide in acetic anhydride (Etard-type oxidation) gives benzylidene diacetate, which is hydrolysed.
Answer (b)
AIEquations: $\mathrm{CH_{3}COOH} + \mathrm{NH_{3}} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH_{3}COONH_{4}}$ $\mathrm{CH_{3}COONH_{4}} \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} \mathrm{CH_{3}CONH_{2}} + \mathrm{H_{2}O}$
Acetic acid to acetamide: ammonolysis to ammonium acetate, then heating.
From ISC 2026 Improvement Chemistry Paper 1, question 9(ii).