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Give reasons for the following.
Why is the first ionisation enthalpy of chromium less than that of zinc? (Atomic Number of and )
Why is the first ionisation enthalpy of chromium less than that of zinc?
(Atomic Number of $\text{Cr} = 24$ and $\text{Zn} = 30$)
Answer
Answer
AIThe electronic configuration of $\text{Cr}$ ($Z = 24$) is $[\text{Ar}] 3d^5 4s^1$. Loss of the first electron leaves a stable, half-filled $3d^5$ configuration. In contrast, $\text{Zn}$ ($Z = 30$) has the configuration $[\text{Ar}] 3d^{10} 4s^2$, where the first electron must be removed from a completely filled, stable $4s^2$ orbital, and $\text{Zn}$ also has a higher effective nuclear charge ($Z = 30$). Therefore, the first ionisation enthalpy of chromium is less than that of zinc.
From ISC 2026 Chemistry Paper 1, question 10(i).