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Osmotic pressure is the external pressure which should be applied to stop the flow of solvent into…
Osmotic pressure is the external pressure which should be applied to stop the flow of solvent into the solution when the two are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The osmotic pressure is a colligative property. Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure are called isotonic. If there are two solutions and one of them is of lower osmotic pressure, it is called hypotonic while the other is called hypertonic.
Answer the questions given below:
(a)[1.0]
What will happen if red blood corpuscles are placed in a $5\%$ $\text{NaCl}$ solution which is a hypertonic solution?
(b)[1.0]
Show that osmotic pressure ($\pi$) is a colligative property.
(c)[2.0]
Calculate the amount of pressure required to stop osmosis of a solution when $40\text{ g}$ of $\text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4$ is added to $1\text{ L}$ of water at $298\text{ K}$.
(Given: $\text{Na} = 23, \text{O} = 16, \text{S} = 32$ and $R = 0\cdot0821\text{ L atm K}^{-1}\text{ mol}^{-1}$)
(d)[1.0]
Briefly discuss the process of reverse osmosis followed to desalinate sea water and convert it into drinking water.
Answer
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From ISC 2025 Chemistry Paper 1, question 21(i).