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Osmosis and osmotic pressure play a very significant role in biological processes. The osmotic…
Osmosis and osmotic pressure play a very significant role in biological processes. The osmotic pressure of human blood is $8\cdot21\text{ atm}$ at $27^\circ\text{C}$. It is interesting to know that a $0\cdot91\%$ (mass/volume) solution of $\text{NaCl}$, known as saline water is isotonic with fluids inside the human red blood cells. In this solution, the blood corpuscles neither swell nor shrink. Therefore, medicines are mixed with saline water before being injected into the veins.
Answer the following questions.
(a)[1.0]
What is an isotonic solution?
(b)[1.0]
How much glucose should be used per $100\text{ ml}$ (aqueous solution) for intravenous injection that is isotonic with blood at $27^\circ\text{C}$?
(c)[1.0]
What would be the osmotic pressure of blood if the temperature is $37^\circ\text{C}$?
(d)[1.0]
A pure $\text{NaCl}$ solution with salt concentration less than $0\cdot91\%$ (mass/volume) is hypertonic solution to human blood. Is this statement true or false? Give a reason.
(e)[1.0]
Name the disease caused by taking a lot of salt or salty food, which results in water retention in tissue cells causing puffiness or swelling.
Answer
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From ISC 2025 Specimen Chemistry Paper 1, question 21(i).