Answer the following questions: Calculate the minimum amount of energy which a gamma ray photon…

The minimum energy of the gamma-ray photon must equal the rest-mass energy of the proton and antiproton pair: $E_{\min} = 2 m_{p} c^{2}$ Given $m_{p} = 1\cdot67 \times 10^{-27}\text{ kg}$ and $c = 3 \times 10^{8}\text{ m s}^{-1}$: $E_{\min} = 2 \times (1\cdot67 \times 10^{-27}\text{ kg}) \times (3 \times 10^{8}\text{ m s}^{-1})^{2}$ $E_{\min} = 3\cdot34 \times 10^{-27} \times 9 \times 10^{16}\text{ J} = 3\cdot006 \times 10^{-10}\text{ J} \approx 3\cdot01 \times 10^{-10}\text{ J}$ (or $\approx 1879\text{ MeV}$) Final answer: 3.01 \times 10^{-10} J

Nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures (millions of kelvins) to provide the fusing nuclei with enough thermal kinetic energy to overcome their strong electrostatic Coulomb repulsion. Because high thermal energy is required to initiate and sustain the reaction, it is known as a thermonuclear reaction.

The negative total energy signifies that the electron is bound to the nucleus by attractive electrostatic forces, forming a stable bound system. External energy must be supplied to liberate the electron from the atom.

Bohr's theory is applicable only to hydrogen and single-electron (hydrogen-like) ions; it cannot explain the spectra of multi-electron atoms.